Shop Windows to the Universe

Hands On Mineral Identification helps you to identify over 14,500 minerals! By M. Darby Dyar, Ph.D. See our DVD collection.

RSS Feeds

Planets

By the current count of astronomers, our solar system includes 8 planets and 5 dwarf planets. The planets were formed during the process of solar system formation, when clumps began to form in the disk of gas and dusk rotating about our young Sun. Eventually, only the planets and other small bodies in the solar system remained. The four rocky planets at the center of the solar system Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, are known as the inner planets. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are all composed primarily of gas and are known as the outer planets. Find out more about the planets through the links below.

Have you ever seen the <a href="/earth/Magnetosphere/aurora.html&dev=1">Southern or Northern Lights</a>? Earth isn't the only planet that puts on these beautiful light shows, which are also called the "<a href="/earth/Magnetosphere/aurora.html&dev=1">aurora</a>". Aurora have been seen at both <a href="/saturn/saturn_polar_regions.html&dev=1">poles of Saturn</a>, too, as well as at the poles of <a href="/jupiter/magnetosphere/jupiter_aurora.html&dev=1">Jupiter</a>. These "<a href="/earth/Magnetosphere/tour/tour_earth_magnetosphere_09.html&dev=1">curtains of light</a>" sometimes rise 1,200 miles (2,000 km) above the <a href="/saturn/atmosphere/S_clouds_overview.html&dev=1">cloud tops</a> near Saturn's poles. The <a href="/space_missions/HST.html&dev=1">Hubble Space Telescope</a> took this picture in 2004.<p><small><em>Image courtesy of NASA, ESA, J. Clarke (Boston University), and Z. Levay (STScI)</em></small></p>

Neptune's <a href="/neptune/lower_atmosphere.html&dev=1">atmosphere</a> shows
a striped pattern of
<a href="/neptune/atmosphere/N_clouds_overview.html&dev=1">clouds</a>.
This cloud pattern is very similar to that of
<a href="/jupiter/jupiter.html&dev=1">Jupiter</a> and
<a href="/saturn/saturn.html&dev=1">Saturn</a>.
Neptune even has a <a href="/neptune/atmosphere/N_clouds_GDS.html&dev=1">Great Dark
Spot</a> similar
to Jupiter's <a href="/jupiter/atmosphere/J_clouds_GRS.html&dev=1">Great
Red Spot</a>.
The Great Dark Spot of Neptune is thought to be a hole, similar to the hole
in the <a href="/earth/Atmosphere/ozone_layer.html&dev=1">ozone layer on
Earth</a>,
in the <a href="/physical_science/chemistry/methane.html&dev=1">methane</a> cloud
deck of Neptune.<p><small><em>Image courtesy of NASA</em></small></p>

<a href="/mercury/mercury.html&dev=1">Mercury</a>, the innermost planet of the solar system, is a little bigger than the Earth's Moon. The <a href="/mercury/Interior_Surface/Surface/surface_overview.html&dev=1">surface</a> of the planet is covered with craters, like the Moon, but temperatures there can reach over 800°F because Mercury is so close to the Sun and rotates so slowly. This picture was taken by the <a href="/space_missions/robotic/messenger/messenger.html&dev=1">MESSENGER spacecraft</a> in October 2008.<p><small><em>Image courtesy of NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington.</em></small></p>

The uniquely red <a href="/mars/interior/Martian_global_geology.html&dev=1">global surface</a> of Mars is marked by many interesting features - some like those on the <a href="/earth/earth.html&dev=1">Earth</a> and others strangely different. The reddish color is caused by rust (iron oxide) in the <a href="/mars/exploring/martian_soils.html&dev=1">soil</a>. Some of these features are; <a href="/mars/interior/mars_volcanoes.html&dev=1">volcanoes</a>, canyon systems, <a href="/mars/interior/Martian_running_water.html&dev=1">river beds</a>, <a href="/mars/interior/Mars_cratered_terrain.html&dev=1">cratered terrain</a>, and <a href="/mars/interior/Martian_dunefields.html&dev=1">dune fields</a>. This image shows a global mosaic of 102 Viking 1 Orbiter images of Mars taken in February, 1980.<p><small><em>Image courtesy of NASA.</em></small></p>

This historic image is the first ever taken from a spacecraft in orbit about <a href="/mercury/mercury.html&dev=1">Mercury</a>, the innermost planet of the solar system. Taken on 3/29/2011 by <a href="/space_missions/robotic/messenger/messenger.html&dev=1">MESSENGER</a>, it shows numerous craters across the <a href="/mercury/Interior_Surface/Surface/surface_overview.html&dev=1">surface</a> of the planet. Temperatures there can reach over 800F because Mercury is so close to the Sun and rotates so slowly. MESSENGER entered orbit around Mercury earlier in March 2011.<p><small><em>NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington</em></small></p>

New observations by the MESSENGER spacecraft provide support for the hypothesis that Mercury harbors abundant water ice and other frozen volatile materials in its permanently shadowed (shown in red) polar craters. Areas where polar deposits of ice imaged by Earth-based radar are shown in yellow.<p><small><em>Image courtesy of NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington/National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, Arecibo Observatory</em></small></p>

Windows to the Universe Community
News	Opportunities
Upcoming W2U Events	Join Today - Benefits, No Ads!
Special Offers for Teachers	Member Benefits
Teacher Newsletter	Partnership Opportunities

Explore Planets

What is a Planet?

Do you know what a planet is? If so, you are doing better than professional astronomers! Right ...Read more

Mercury

Mercury, the planet nearest the Sun, is the second smallest planet in the solar system. Only ...Read more

Venus

Fair but inhospitable Venus, a "Sister" planet to the Earth that is very different from our ...Read more

Earth

Earth, our home planet, is a beautiful blue and white ball when seen from space. ...Read more

Mars

Mars, Earth's outer neighbor, is the fourth planet from the Sun. Mars' bright appearance and ...Read more

Jupiter

Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. When approached from afar, its fantastic ...Read more

Saturn

Saturn, the sixth planet from the Sun, has the most spectacular set of rings in the solar system. ...Read more

Uranus

Uranus, the seventh planet from the Sun, has its spin axis almost in the plane of its orbit ...Read more

Neptune

Neptune, the eighth and furthest planet from the Sun, is a very cold place. Its bluish color ...Read more

Dwarf Planets

In 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) approved a new classification scheme for ...Read more

More about Planets

Global locations of visitors using this page right now

Planets Around Other Stars
Tours

Historical Events

4/3 Super Outbreak of F5 tornadoes hits Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, and Alabama on this date in 1974 Details

4/3 F5 tornado hits Hudsonville and Standale in Michigan on this date in 1956

4/3 F5 tornado hits Wichita Fall, Texas in 1964

Full Earth and Space Science History Calendar (Members only)

Teacher Opportunities

Full Teacher Events Calendar (Educator Members only)

Did you know?

Did you know that there are no seasons on Venus?

Did you know that Uranus is tilted so that its rotational axis is almost in the plane of the ecliptic?

Earth and Space Science Concept of the Day

Do you know what this word or phrase means?

Refraction

xRefraction : Refraction is the deflection, or bending, of the ray path of a seismic wave caused by its passage from one material to another having different elastic properties; or the bending of a tsunami wave front owing to variations in the water depth along a

Click on the word to find out!

Research Highlights

East Africa's Lake Tanganyika is Warming More Than Ever Before

Geologists think that the waters of Lake Tanganyika, a long lake located in East Africa, has experienced a huge amount of warming in the last 100 years. Currently, the surface water of this lake is the...Read more

Science Blogs

Real Climate: climate science from climate scientists

EPA Greenversations

Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment

Citizen Science Buzz

Windows to the Universe, a project of the National Earth Science Teachers Association, is sponsored in part is sponsored in part through grants from federal agencies (NASA and NOAA), and partnerships with affiliated organizations, including the American Geophysical Union, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Earth System Information Partnership, the American Meteorological Society, the National Center for Science Education, and TERC. The American Geophysical Union and the American Geosciences Institute are Windows to the Universe Founding Partners. NESTA welcomes new Institutional Affiliates in support of our ongoing programs, as well as collaborations on new projects. Contact NESTA for more information.

The source of this material is Windows to the Universe, at http://windows2universe.org/ from the National Earth Science Teachers Association (NESTA). The Website was developed in part with the support of UCAR and NCAR, where it resided from 2000 - 2010. © 2012 National Earth Science Teachers Association. Windows to the Universe® is a registered trademark of NESTA. All Rights Reserved. See our copyright and licenses page for information about how you can use our materials.Site policies and disclaimer.