According to a Greek legend, the sea god Poseidon placed the figure of <a href="/the_universe/Constellations/circumpolar/cassiopeia.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">Cassiopeia</a> among the stars. It is said that Cassiopeia has a ridiculous upside-down position to punish her for having been pretentious.<p><small><em>Image courtesy of 1995 Visual Language (c). All rights reserved.</em></small></p>The massive 9.0 magnitude <a href="/earth/geology/quake_1.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">earthquake</a> off of Honshu, Japan on <a href="/headline_universe/march112011earthquaketsunami.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">11 March 2011</a> generated a <a href="/earth/tsunami1.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">tsunami</a> that exceeded 10 meters on the coast near the epicenter. This image shows model projections for the tsunami wave height in cm which are in good agreement with the observed waves. Our thoughts and prayers are with those who were lost, and their families, as we remember this event.<p><small><em><a href="http://blogs.agu.org/wildwildscience/files/2011/03/680_20110311-TsunamiWaveHeight.jpg">NOAA Tsunami Wave Height Projections image</a></em></small></p>As temperatures rise and soil moisture decreases, plants are stressed, which can lead to <a href="/earth/climate/crops_withering.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">crop withering</a>. <a href="/teacher_resources/online_courses/health/events_health.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">Droughts</a> accompanied by increased temperatures can lead to famine, social and political disruptions. Scientists are helping with early identification of drought that might trigger food shortages. Watch the NBC Learn video - <a href="/earth/changing_planet/withering_crops_intro.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">Changing Planet: Withering Crops</a> to find out more.<p><small><em>Image taken by Tomas Castelazo, Creative Commons <a href=&quot;http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en&quot;>Attribution 3.0 Unported</a> license.</em></small></p>This dramatic view of Jupiter's <a href="/jupiter/atmosphere/J_clouds_GRS.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">Great Red Spot</a> and its surroundings was obtained by <a href="/space_missions/voyager.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">Voyager 1</a> on Feb. 25, 1979, when the spacecraft was 5.7 million miles (9.2 million kilometers) from Jupiter. Cloud details as small as 100 miles (160 kilometers) across can be seen here. The colorful, wavy cloud pattern to the left of the Red Spot is a region of extraordinarily complex end variable wave motion.<p><small><em>Image courtesy of NASA</em></small></p>How did life evolve on <a href="/earth/earth.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">Earth</a> during the <a href="/earth/past/Archean.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">Archean</a>, when the <a href="/sun/sun.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">Sun</a> was about 25% weaker than today? The Earth should have been <a href="/earth/polar/cryosphere_glacier1.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">glaciated</a>, if <a href="/earth/climate/earth_greenhouse.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">greenhouse</a> gas concentration was the same as today. <a href="http://www.manchester.ac.uk/aboutus/news/display/?id=10798">Researchers</a> studying the <a href="/physical_science/physics/atom_particle/isotope.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">isotopic</a> signatures of Earth's early atmosphere in <a href="/earth/geology/rocks_intro.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">rocks</a> from Northern Australia have ruled out high levels of <a href="/physical_science/chemistry/nitrogen_molecular.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">nitrogen</a> as a possible way to increase warming from <a href="/earth/Atmosphere/overview.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">atmospheric</a> <a href="/physical_science/chemistry/carbon_dioxide.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">carbon dioxide</a>.<p><small><em>Image courtesy of Manchester University</em></small></p>Stars don't last forever. Occasionally, a star bigger than our Sun will end its life in a huge explosion, called a <a href="/the_universe/supernova.html&dev=1/earth/Atmosphere/moons/k=/teacher_resources/teach_pluggedCO2.html">supernova</a>. The center of the star collapses in less than a second, blowing away the outer layers of the star. There are many beautiful images of supernova remnants, the expanding shell of gas made up of the outer layers of the original star. This image is the Vela Supernova Remnant.<p><small><em>Image courtesy of the Anglo-Australian Observatory/Royal Observatory Edinburgh</em></small></p>


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