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The interactions in the Universe are governed by four forces (strong, weak, electromagnetic and gravitational). Physicists are trying to derive a unified theory that would describe all the forces in nature
...more![](/sun/Solar_interior/Nuclear_Reactions/Fusion/Fusion_in_stars/betelgeuse.gif)
When the temperature in the core of a star reaches 100 million degrees Kelvin fusion of Helium into Carbon occurs (three Helium nuclei combine to form a nucleus of Carbon). In the same range of temperature
...more![](/sun/Solar_interior/Nuclear_Reactions/Fusion/binding.gif)
A plot of the binding energy per nucleon vs. atomic mass shows a peak atomic number 56 (Iron). Elements with atomic mass less then 56 release energy if formed as a result of a fusion reaction. Above this
...more![](/sun/Solar_interior/Nuclear_Reactions/Fusion/jet-small.jpg)
There are several experiments worldwide where the conditions for nuclear fusion reactions have been achieved in a controlled manner. The two main approaches that are being explored are magnetic confinement
...more![](/sun/Solar_interior/Nuclear_Reactions/Fusion/h-bomb.jpg)
In the Hydrogen bomb the explosion of a nuclear fission charge (atomic bomb) produces the temperature and density necessary for the fusion of Deuterium and Tritium (isotopes of Hydrogen), resulting in
...more![](/sun/Solar_interior/Nuclear_Reactions/Neutrinos/big_bang_sm.gif)
All of the matter and energy in the Universe was initially confined in a very small region until an enormous explosion occurred, causing the Universe to expand. This expansion continues today.
...more![](/sun/Solar_interior/Nuclear_Reactions/Neutrinos/neutrino_picture.gif)
The neutrino is an extremely light (and possibly massless) neutral particle. The neutrino belongs to the family of leptons, the particles that interact through the so-called weak force. For this reason
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