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  • Irish Chronicles Document Links Between Volcanoes and Weather
    A study of over 40,000 written entries in Irish Annals and ice core measurements shows a strong corr...Read more

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    Irish Chronicles Document Links Between Volcanoes and Weather

    A study of over 40,000 written entries in Irish Annals and ice core measurements shows a strong correlation between the occurrence of volcanic eruptions and extreme cold weather in Ireland over a 1200 year period. Data analyzed in this study cover the period from 431 to 1649, during which time up to 48 volcanic eruptions are identified in Greenland ice core records through deposition of volcanic sulfate in annual layers of ice. You can find the study (open access), published on 6 June 2013 in IOP Publishing's journal Environmental Research Letters, at http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/8/2/024035/article. Find out more about how volcanoes can influence climate.
  • EF-5 Tornado in El Reno, Oklahoma Widest Ever Recorded in US
    The EF-5 tornado that hit El Reno, Oklahoma on May 31st was the widest ever recorded in the US, acco...Read more

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    EF-5 Tornado in El Reno, Oklahoma Widest Ever Recorded in US

    The EF-5 tornado that hit El Reno, Oklahoma on May 31st was the widest ever recorded in the US, according to the National Weather Service in Norman Oklahoma. The tornado, which remained on the ground for 40 minutes and reached 2.6 miles across (4.2 km), took the lives of 18 people including storm chasers Tim Samaras, Paul Samaras and Carl Young. For more information on the tornado, visit http://ow.ly/i/2hfDG.
  • Atmospheric CO2 Level Tops 400 ppm
    During the week of May 13th, the CO2 level at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii topped 400 ppm rep...Read more

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    Atmospheric CO2 Level Tops 400 ppm

    During the week of May 13th, the CO2 level at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii topped 400 ppm repeatedly. Daily levels of CO2 can vary due to weather, and there are seasonal trends as well. The level of atmospheric greenhouse gases continues to increase, now over 120 ppm since the Industrial Revolution began. For more on the Keeling Curve, see http://keelingcurve.ucsd.edu/. Find out more about greenhouse gases and warming.
These pictures show the two ships used in the VOCALS field campaign.
Images courtesy of NOAA and IMARPE.

Research Ships Used in the VOCALS Campaign

There are two ships in the VOCALS field campaign. Both of the ships carry many special scientific instruments. Scientists use those instruments to make measurements of the clouds and the air above them. They also use the instruments to study the sea below them. At the same time, satellites and aircraft fly overhead and take other measurements. The scientists compare the measurements from the satellites, aircraft, and ships. It helps them see the "big picture" of what's going on in the VOCALS study area.

One of the VOCALS ships is the Research Vessel Ronald H. Brown. The Ron Brown is owned by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the USA. Its home port is Charleston, South Carolina. The ship is named in honor of the former Secretary of the U.S. Department of Commerce, Ronald H. Brown.

The second VOCALS ship is from Peru. It is owned by the Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE). The ship's name is the Research Vessel José Olaya Balandra. José Olaya Balandra was a fisherman who became a national hero during Peru's fight for independence from Spain in the early 1800s. The ship's home port is Lima, Peru.

There are also several buoys off the South American coast. The buoys take measurements of the ocean and atmosphere, too. VOCALS also uses data from those buoys.

Last modified September 25, 2008 by Randy Russell.

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