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  • Irish Chronicles Document Links Between Volcanoes and Weather
    A study of over 40,000 written entries in Irish Annals and ice core measurements shows a strong corr...Read more

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    Irish Chronicles Document Links Between Volcanoes and Weather

    A study of over 40,000 written entries in Irish Annals and ice core measurements shows a strong correlation between the occurrence of volcanic eruptions and extreme cold weather in Ireland over a 1200 year period. Data analyzed in this study cover the period from 431 to 1649, during which time up to 48 volcanic eruptions are identified in Greenland ice core records through deposition of volcanic sulfate in annual layers of ice. You can find the study (open access), published on 6 June 2013 in IOP Publishing's journal Environmental Research Letters, at http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/8/2/024035/article. Find out more about how volcanoes can influence climate.
  • EF-5 Tornado in El Reno, Oklahoma Widest Ever Recorded in US
    The EF-5 tornado that hit El Reno, Oklahoma on May 31st was the widest ever recorded in the US, acco...Read more

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    EF-5 Tornado in El Reno, Oklahoma Widest Ever Recorded in US

    The EF-5 tornado that hit El Reno, Oklahoma on May 31st was the widest ever recorded in the US, according to the National Weather Service in Norman Oklahoma. The tornado, which remained on the ground for 40 minutes and reached 2.6 miles across (4.2 km), took the lives of 18 people including storm chasers Tim Samaras, Paul Samaras and Carl Young. For more information on the tornado, visit http://ow.ly/i/2hfDG.
  • Atmospheric CO2 Level Tops 400 ppm
    During the week of May 13th, the CO2 level at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii topped 400 ppm rep...Read more

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    Atmospheric CO2 Level Tops 400 ppm

    During the week of May 13th, the CO2 level at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii topped 400 ppm repeatedly. Daily levels of CO2 can vary due to weather, and there are seasonal trends as well. The level of atmospheric greenhouse gases continues to increase, now over 120 ppm since the Industrial Revolution began. For more on the Keeling Curve, see http://keelingcurve.ucsd.edu/. Find out more about greenhouse gases and warming.

The Sun-Earth Connection and Geomagnetism: How the Sun, space weather, and Earth's magnetic field influence our planet's environment

A Windows to the Universe Workshop presented on July 24, 2006, at the
6th Annual Environmental Health Sciences Summer Institute for K-12 Educators
The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Science Park - Research Division at Smithville

Earth beside a SunspotThis workshop covered three major topic areas:

  • magnetism, space weather, and Sun-Earth connections
  • ultraviolet (UV) "light" - its emission by the Sun, interactions with Earth's atmosphere, and effects on people and Earth's environment
  • radiation - types, sources, units of measurement, effects

The workshop included several hands-on activities.

List of Hands-on Activities

Write-ups of the hands-on activities conducted at the workshop can be found at the links below:

Images, Animations, and Interactives shown during the Presentations

Most of the images, animations, and interactives shown as part of the presentations at the workshop are available online at the links listed below:

Links to References

Last modified July 22, 2006 by Randy Russell.

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