Current Events

  • Atmospheric CO2 Level Tops 400 ppm
    During the week of May 13th, the CO2 level at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii topped 400 ppm rep...Read more

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    Atmospheric CO2 Level Tops 400 ppm

    During the week of May 13th, the CO2 level at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii topped 400 ppm repeatedly. Daily levels of CO2 can vary due to weather, and there are seasonal trends as well. The level of atmospheric greenhouse gases continues to increase, now over 120 ppm since the Industrial Revolution began. For more on the Keeling Curve, see http://keelingcurve.ucsd.edu/. Find out more about greenhouse gases and warming.
  • Massive Tornado Outbreak on Tornado Alley
    The week of May 19 brings dozens of tornadoes to Tornado Alley in the states of Oklahoma, Kansas, Io...Read more

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    Massive Tornado Outbreak on Tornado Alley

    The week of May 19 brings dozens of tornadoes to Tornado Alley in the states of Oklahoma, Kansas, Iowa, Illinois and Missouri. On May 20th, a massive tornado struck Moore, Oklahoma, devastating communities - destroying over 100 homes and hitting two elementary schools and a hospital - with many casualties and deaths. Our thoughts are with our friends and colleagues suffering from these storms. For more on the May 20th storms, see the NOAA Storm Prediction Center Storm Report.
  • Kansas Legislator Proposes Bill to Outlaw Sustainability Education
    A bill has been introduced in the Kansas legislature this week that would prohibit the promotion of ...Read more

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    Kansas Legislator Proposes Bill to Outlaw Sustainability Education

    A bill has been introduced in the Kansas legislature this week that would prohibit the promotion of sustainability. Here is a link to the one-page bill: http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2013_14/measures/documents/hb2366_00_0000.pdf. See report on Bloomberg News.

A History of Astronauts

The following tables show a history of U.S. astronauts, cosmonauts, and international astronauts:


  • U.S. Astronauts
  • Cosmonauts
  • International Astronauts



    • U.S. Astronauts

    Name Dates of Service Missions Hours in Space
    Adamson, James 1985-current 1989: STS-28
    1991: STS-43    		 334 hours
    Akers, Tom 1987-current 1990: STS-41
    1992: STS-49
    1993: STS-61
    1996: STS-79    		 800 hours
    Aldrin, Buzz 1963-1971 1966: Gemini 12
    1969: Apollo 11    		 288 hours
    Allen, Andrew 1987-current 1992: STS-46
    1994: STS-62
    1996: STS-75    		 900 hours
    Allen, Joseph 1967-1985 1982: STS-5
    1984: STS 51-A    		 148 hours
    Anders, William 1963-1977 1968: Apollo 8 148 hours
    Apt, Jerome 1986-current 1991: STS-37
    1992: STS-47
    1994: STS-59
    1996:STS-79    		 847 hours
    Armstrong, Neil 1962-1971 1966: Gemini 8
    1969: Apollo 11    		 206 hours
    Bagian, James 1980-current 1989: STS-29
    1991: STS-40    		 337 hours
    Baker, Ellen 1984-current 1989: STS-34
    1992: STS-50
    1995: STS-71    		 686 hours
    Baker, Michael 1986-current 1991: STS-43
    1992: STS-52
    1994: STS-68
    1997: STS-81    		 965 hours
    Bassett II, Charles A. 1963-1966 Regretfully, Bassett died in training in a jet accident in Missouri. 0 hours
    Bean, Alan 1963-1981 1969: Apollo 12
    1973: Skylab 3    		 1672 hours
    Blaha, John 1980-current 1989: STS-29
    1989: STS-33
    1991: STS-43
    1993: STS-58
    1996: Mir-22    		 3864 hours
    Bluford, Guion 1985-1994 1983: STS-8
    1985: STS 61A
    1991: STS-39
    1992: STS-53    		 688 hours
    Bobko, Karol 1969-1989 1983: STS-6
    1985: STS 51D
    1985: STS 51J    		 386 hours
    Bolden, Charles 1980-current 1986: STS 61C
    1990: STS-31
    1992: STS-45    		 479 hours
    Borman, Frank 1962-1970 1965: Gemini 7
    1968: Apollo 8    		 478 hours
    Bowersox, Kenneth 1988-current 1992: STS-50
    1993: STS-61
    1995: STS-73
    1997: STS-82    		 1200 hours
    Brand, Vance 1966-1994 1975: Apollo-Soyuz
    1982: STS-5
    1984: STS 41B
    1990: STS-35    		 746 hours
    Brandenstein, Daniel 1978-current 1983: STS-8
    1985: STS 51G
    1990: STS-32
    1992: STS-49    		 576 hours
    Brown, Curtis 1988-current 1992: STS-47
    1994: STS-66
    1996: STS-77    		 693 hours
    Brown, Mark 1984-current 1989: STS-28
    1991: STS-48    		 249 hours
    Buchli, James 1978-1992 1985: STS 51C
    1985: STS 61A
    1989: STS-29
    1991: STS-48    		 490 hours
    Bursch, Daniel 1991-current 1993: STS-51
    1994: STS-68
    1996: STS-77    		 746 hours
    Cabana, Robert 1986-current 1990: STS-41
    1992: STS-53
    1994: STS-65    		 627 hours
    Cameron, Kenneth 1984-current 1991: STS-37
    1993: STS-56
    1995: STS-74    		 561 hours
    Carpenter, Scott 1959-1967 1962: Mercury-Atlas 7 5 hours
    Carr, Gerald 1966-1977 1973: Skylab 4
    1991: STS-43    		 2016 hours
    Carter, Manley 1984-1991 1989: STS-33 120 hours
    Casper, John 1985-current 1990: STS-36
    1993: STS-54
    1994: STS-62
    1996: STS-77    		 825 hours
    Cernan, Eugene 1963-1976 1966: Gemini 9
    1969: Apollo 10
    1972: Apollo 17    		 566 hours
    Chaffee, Roger 1963-1967 1967: Apollo 1 killed in Apollo 1 fire
    Chang-Diaz, Franklin 1981-current 1986: STS-61c
    1989: STS-34
    1992: STS-46
    1994: STS-60
    1996: STS-75    		 1033 hours
    Chiao, Leroy 1991-current 1994: STS-65
    1996: STS-72    		 568 hours
    Chilton, Kevin 1991-current 1992: STS-49
    1994: STS-59
    1996: STS-76    		 704 hours
    Cleave, Mary 1980-1991 1985: STS 61-B
    1989: STS-30    		 262 hours
    Clifford, Michael 1990-current 1992: STS-53
    1994: STS-59
    1996: STS-76    		 665 hours
    Coats, Michael 1978-1991 1984: STS 41D
    1989: STS-29
    1991: STS-39    		 463 hours
    Cockrell, Kenneth 1991-current 1993: STS-56
    1995: STS-69
    1996: STS-80    		 906 hours
    Collins, Eileen 1991-current 1995: STS-63
    1997: STS-84    		 198 hours
    Collins, Michael 1963-1970 1966: Gemini 10
    1969: Apollo 11    		 265 hours
    Conrad, Charles "Pete" 1962-1973 1965: Gemini 5
    1966: Gemini 11
    1969: Apollo 12
    1973: Skylab 2    		 1180 hours
    Cooper, Gordon 1959-1970 1963: Mercury 9
    1965: Gemini 5    		 224 hours
    Covey, Richard 1978-current 1985: STS 51-I
    1988: STS-26
    1990: STS-38    		 385 hours
    Creighton, John 1978-1992 1985: STS 51G
    1990: STS-36
    1991: STS-48    		 403 hours
    Crippen, Robert 1969-1989 1981: STS-1
    1983: STS-7
    1984: STS 41C
    1984: STS 41G    		 506 hours
    Culbertson, Frank 1985-current 1990: STS-38
    1993: STS-51    		 344 hours
    Cunningham, Walt 1964-1971 1968: Apollo 7 263 hours
    Currie, Nancy 1991-current 1993: STS-57
    1995: STS-70    		 454 hours
    Davis, Jan 1987-current 1992: STS-47
    1994: STS-60    		 389 hours
    Duffy, Brian 1986-current 1992: STS-45
    1993: STS-57
    1996: STS-72    		 667 hours
    Duke, Charles 1966-1975 1972: Apollo 16 265 hours
    Dunbar, Bonnie 1981-current 1985: STS 61A
    1990: STS-32
    1992: STS-50    		 761 hours
    Eisele, Donn 1963-1972 1968: Apollo 7 264 hours
    England, Anthony 1967-1986 1985: STS 51F 188 hours
    Engle, Joe 1966-1986 1981: STS-2
    1985: STS 51I    		 224 hours
    Evans, Ronald 1966-1977 1972: Apollo 17 300 hours
    Fabian, John 1979-1985 1983: STS-7
    1985: STS 51G    		 317 hours
    Fisher, Anna 1978-current 1984: STS 51A 192 hours
    Fisher, William 1980-1991 1985: STS 51I 170 hours
    Foale, C. Michael 1988-current 1992: STS-45
    1993: STS-56
    1995: STS-63
    1997: STS-84    		 634 hours
    Fullerton, Charles 1969-current 1982: STS-3
    1985: STS 51F    		 334 hours
    Gardner, Dale 1978-1986 1983: STS-8
    1984: STS 51A    		 337 hours
    Gardner, Guy 1980-1991 1988: STS-27
    1990: STS-35    		 321 hours
    Garriott, Owen 1965-1986 1973: Skylab 3
    1983: STS-9    		 1675 hours
    Gemar, Charles 1985-current 1990: STS-38
    1991: STS-48
    1994: STS-62    		 580 hours
    Gibson, Edward 1965-1980 1973: Skylab 4 2017 hours
    Gibson, Robert 1978-1996 1984: STS-41B
    1986: STS-61C
    1988: STS-27
    1992: STS-47
    1995: STS-71    		 876 hours
    Glenn, John 1957-1964, 1998 1962: Mercury-Atlas 6, Friendship 7
    1998: STS-95 Discovery    		 219 hours
    Godwin, Linda 1980-current 1991: STS-37
    1994: STS-59
    1996: STS-76    		 633 hours
    Gordon, Richard 1963-1972 1966: Gemini 11
    1969: Apollo 12    		 316 hours
    Grabe, Ronald 1969-current 1985: STS 51J
    1989: STS-30
    1992: STS-42
    1993: STS-57    		 627 hours
    Gregory, Frederick 1978-current 1985: STS 51B
    1989: STS-33
    1991:STS-44    		 456 hours
    Griggs, Stanley 1970-1989 1985: STS 51D 148 hours
    Grissom, Virgil 1959-1967 1961: Mercury-Redstone 4
    1965 Gemini 3
    1967: killed in Apollo 1 fire    		 hours
    Grunsfeld, John 1992-current 1995: STS-67
    1997: STS-8    		 644 hours
    Gutierrez, Sidney 1984-current 1991: STS-40 218 hours
    Haise, Fred 1964-1979 1970: Apollo 13 143 hours
    Halsell, James 1990-current 1994: STS-65
    1996: STS-74
    1997: STS-83    		 556 hours
    Hammond, L. Blaine 1984-current 1991: STS-39
    1994: STS-64    		 462 hours
    Harbaugh, Gregory 1978-current 1991: STS-39
    1993: STS-54
    1995: STS-71
    1997: STS-82    		 818 hours
    Harris, Bernard 1990-1996 1993: STS-55
    1995: STS-63    		 438 hours
    Hart, Terry 1979-1984 1984: STS 41C 168 hours
    Hartsfield, Henry 1969-current 1982: STS-4
    1984: STS 41D
    1985: STS 61A    		 483 hours
    Hauck, Frederick 1978-1990 1983: STS-7
    1984: STS 51A
    1988: STS-26    		 426 hours
    Hawley, Steven 1978-current 1984: STS 41D
    1986: STS 61C
    1990: STS-31    		 412 hours
    Helms, Susan 1990-current 1993: STS-54
    1994: STS-64
    1996: STS-78    		 812 hours
    Henricks, Terence 1986-current 1991: STS-44
    1993: STS-55
    1995: STS-70
    1996: STS-78    		 1000 hours
    Hieb, Richard 1985-current 1991: STS-39
    1992: STS-49
    1994: STS-65    		 750 hours
    Hilmers, David 1969-current 1985: STS 51J
    1988: STS-26
    1990: STS-36
    1992: STS-42    		 493 hours
    Hoffman, Jeffrey 1978-current 1985: STS 51D
    1990: STS-35
    1992: STS-46
    1993: STS-61
    1996: STS-75    		 1211 hours
    Horowitz, Scott 1992-current 1996: STS-75
    1997: STS-81    		 617 hours
    Irwin, James 1964-1972 1971: Apollo 15 295 hours
    Ivins, Marsha 1974-current 1990: STS-32
    1992: STS-46
    1994: STS-62
    1997: STS-81    		 1009 hours
    Jemison, Mae Carol 1987-current 1993: STS-47 190 hours
    Jernigan, Tamara 1986-current 1991: STS-40
    1992: STS-67
    1996: STS-80    		 1277 hours
    Jett, Brent 1992-current 1996: STS-72
    1997: STS-81    		 458 hours
    Jones, Thomas 1991-current 1994: STS-68
    1996: STS-80    		 667 hours
    Kerwin, Joseph 1965-1987 1973: Skylab 2 673 hours
    Kregel, Kevin 1990-current 1995: STS-70
    1996: STS-78
    1997: STS-87    		 618 hours
    Lee, Mark 1984-current 1989: STS-30
    1992: STS-47
    1994: STS-64
    1997: STS-82    		 792 hours
    Leestma, David 1980-current 1984: STS 41G
    1989: STS-28
    1992: STS-45    		 533 hours
    Lenoir, William 1967-1992 1982: STS-5 122 hours
    Lind, Don 1966-1986 1985: STS 51B 177 hours
    Linenger, Jerry 1992-current 1994: STS-64
    1997: Mir Station    		 262 hours
    Lounge, John 1980-1991 1985: STS 51I
    1988: STS-26
    1990: STS-35    		 482 hours
    Lousma, Jack 1966-1983 1973: Skylab 3
    1982: STS-3    		 1608 hours
    Lovell, Jim 1962-1973 1965: Gemini 7
    1966: Gemini 12
    1968: Apollo 8
    1970: Apollo 13    		 720 hours
    Low, G. David 1984-1996 1990: STS-32
    1991: STS-43
    1993: STS-57    		 714 hours
    Lucid, Shannon 1979-current 1985: STS-51G
    1989: STS-34
    1991: STS-43
    1993: STS-58
    1996: Mir Station    		 5354 hours
    McArthur, William 1987-current 1993: STS-58
    1995: STS-74    		 532 hours
    McBride, Jon 1978-1989 1984: STS 41G 197 hours
    McCandless, Bruce 1966-1990 1984: STS 41B
    1990: STS-31    		 312 hours
    McCulley, Michael 1984-1990 1989: STS-34 119 hours
    McDivitt, Jim 1962-1972 1965: Gemini 4
    1969: Apollo 9    		 339 hours
    McMonagle, Donald 1987-current 1991: STS-39
    1993: STS-54
    1994: STS-66    		 605 hours
    McNair, Ronald 1978-1986 1984: STS 41B
    1986: killed in Challenger explosion    		 192 hours
    Mattingly, T. Ken 1966-1985 1972: Apollo 16
    1982: STS-4
    1985: STS 51C    		 509 hours
    Meade, Carl 1986-1996 1990: STS-38
    1992: STS-50
    1994: STS-64    		 712 hours
    Melnick, Bruce 1987-1992 1990: STS-41
    1992: STS-49    		 311 hours
    Mitchell, Edgar 1966-1972 1971: Apollo 14 216 hours
    Mullane, Richard 1978-1990 1984: STS 41D
    1989: STS-27
    1990: STS-36    		 356 hours
    Musgrave, F. Story 1967-current 1983: STS-6
    1985: Spacelab
    1989: STS-33
    1991: STS-44
    1993: STS-61
    1996: STS-80    		 1282 hours
    Nagel, Steven 1979-current 1985: STS-51G
    1985: STS-61
    1991: STS-37
    1993: STS-55    		 723 hours
    Nelson, George 1978-1989 1984: STS 41C
    1986: STS 61C
    1987: STS-26    		 411 hours
    Newman, James 1985-current 1993: STS-51
    1995: STS-69    		 496 hours
    Ochoa, Ellen 1988-current 1993: STS-56
    1994: STS-66    		 484 hours
    O'Connor, Bryan 1980-1991 1985: STS 61B
    1991: STS-40    		 383 hours
    Onizuka, Ellison 1978-1986 1985: STS 51C
    1986: killed in Challenger explosion    		 72 hours
    Oswald, Stephen 1984-2000 1992: STS-42
    1993: STS-56
    1995: STS-67    		 792 hours
    Overmyer, Robert 1969-1986 1982: STS-5
    1985: STS 51C    		 290 hours
    Parker, Robert 1967-current 1983: STS-9
    1990: STS-35    		 463 hours
    Peterson, Donald 1967-1985 1983: STS-6 120 hours
    Pogue, William 1966-1975 1973: Skylab 4 2017 hours
    Precourt, Charles 1990-current 1993: STS-55
    1995: STS-71
    1997: STS-84    		 667 hours
    Readdy, William 1986-current 1992: STS-42
    1993: STS-51
    1996: STS-79    		 672 hours
    Reightler, Kenneth 1988-current 1991: STS-48
    1994: STS-60    		 327 hours
    Resnik, Judith 1978-1986 1984: STS 41D
    1986: killed in Challenger explosion    		 168 hours
    Richards, Richard 1981-current 1989: STS-28
    1990: STS-41
    1992: STS-50
    1994: STS-64    		 813 hours
    Ride, Sally 1978-1987 1983: STS-7
    1984: STS 41G    		 337 hours
    Rominger, Kent 1992-current 1995: STS-73
    1996: STS-80    		 814 hours
    Roosa, Stuart 1966-1976 1971: Apollo 14 217 hours
    Ross, Jerry 1980-current 1985: STS-61B
    1988: STS-27
    1991: STS-37
    1993: STS-55
    1995: STS-74
    1998: STS-88    		 850 hours
    Runco, Mario 1987-current 1991: STS-44
    1993: STS-54
    1996: STS-77    		 551 hours
    Schirra, Walter 1959-1969 1962: Mercury-Atlas 8
    1965: Gemini 6
    1968: Apollo 7    		 300 hours
    Schmitt, Harrison "Jack" 1965-1975 1972: Apollo 17 302 hours
    Schweickart, Russell 1963-1979 1969: Apollo 9 241 hours
    Scobee, F. Richard 1978-1986 1984: STS 41C
    1986: killed in Challenger explosion    		 168 hours
    Scott, David 1963-1977 1966: Gemini 8
    1969: Apollo 9
    1971: Apollo 15    		 545 hours
    Scott, Winston 1992-current 1996: STS-72
    1997: STS-87    		 214 hours
    Searfoss, Richard 1991-current 1993: STS-58
    1996: STS-76    		 557 hours
    Seddon, M. Rhea 1979-current 1985: STS-51D
    1991: STS-40
    1993: STS-58    		 722 hours
    See Jr., Elliot M. 1962-1966 Regretfully, See died in training in a jet accident in Missouri. 0 hours
    Sega, Ronald 1990-1996 1994: STS-60
    1996: STS-76    		 667 hours
    Shaw, Brewster 1978-1989 1983: STS-9
    1985: STS 61B
    1989: STS-28    		 524 hours
    Shepard, Alan 1959-1974 1961: Mercury-Redstone 3
    1971: Apollo 14    		 216 hours
    Shepherd, William 1984-current 1988: STS-27
    1990: STS-41
    1992: STS-52    		 440 hours
    Shriver, Loren 1978-current 1985: STS 51C
    1990: STS-31
    1992: STS-46    		 362 hours
    Slayton, Donald "Deke" 1959-1981 1975: Apollo-Soyuz 216 hours
    Smith, Michael 1980-1986 1986: killed in Challenger explosion 0 hours
    Smith, Steven 1989-current 1994: STS-68
    1997: STS-82    		 269 hours
    Spring, Sherwood 1980-1988 1985: STS 61B 165 hours
    Stafford, Thomas 1962-1975 1965: Gemini 6
    1966: Gemini 9
    1969: Apollo 10
    1975: Apollo-Soyuz    		 504 hours
    Stewart, Robert 1978-1986 1984: STS 41B
    1985: STS 51J    		 289 hours
    Sullivan, Kathryn 1978-1985 1984: STS 41G
    1990: STS-31
    1992: STS-45    		 362 hours
    Swigert, John 1966-1977 1970: Apollo 13 142 hours
    Thagard, Norman 1978-current 1983: STS-7
    1985: STS-51B
    1989: STS-30
    1992: STS-42
    1995: Mir 18    		 3360 hours
    Thomas, Andrew 1992-current 1996: STS-77
    1998: STS-89    		 3268 hours
    Thomas, Donald 1990-current 1994: STS-65
    1995: STS-70
    1997: STS-83    		 667 hours
    Thornton, Kathryn 1985-1996 1989: STS-33
    1992: STS-49
    1993: STS-61    		 975 hours
    Thornton, William 1967-current 1983: STS-8
    1985: STS 51B    		 312 hours
    Thuot, Pierre 1985-1995 1990: STS-36
    1992: STS-49
    1994: STS-62    		 654 hours
    Truly, Richard 1969-1983 1981: STS-2
    1983: STS-8    		 200 hours
    Van Hoften, James 1978-1986 1984: STS 41C
    1985: STS 51I    		 112 hours
    Veach, Charles 1982-1995 1991: STS-39
    1992: STS-52    		 436 hours
    Voss, James 1984-current 1991: STS-44
    1992: STS-53
    1995: STS-69    		 600 hours
    Voss, Janice 1990-current 1993: STS-57
    1995: STS-63    		 438 hours
    Walker, David 1979-current 1984: STS-51A
    1989: STS-30
    1992: STS-53
    1995: STS-69    		 724 hours
    Walz, Carl 1990-current 1993: STS-51
    1994: STS-65
    1996: STS-79    		 833 hours
    Weitz, Paul 1966-1988 1973: Skylab 2
    1983: STS-6    		 792 hours
    Wetherbee, James 1984-current 1990: STS-32
    1992: STS-52
    1995: STS-63    		 696 hours
    White, Edward 1962-1967 1965: Gemini 4
    1967: killed in Apollo 1 fire    		 96 hours
    Wilcutt, Terrence 1990-current 1994: STS-68
    1996: STS-79    		 512 hours
    Williams, Donald 1978-1990 1985: STS 51D
    1989: STS-34    		 288 hours
    Wisoff, Peter 1990-current 1993: STS-57
    1994: STS-68
    1997: STS-81    		 754 hours
    Wolf, David 1990-current 1991: STS-58
    1997: Mir Space Station    		 3216 hours
    Worden, Alfred 1966-1975 1971: Apollo 15 259 hours
    Young, John 1962-current 1965: Gemini 3
    1966: Gemini 10
    1969: Apollo 10
    1972: Apollo 16
    1981: STS-1
    1983: STS-9    		 835 hours




    Cosmonauts


    Name Dates of Service Missions Hours in Space
    Afanasyev, Viktor 1985-current 1990: Soyuz TM-11 4200 hours
    Aksenov, Vladimir 1964-1988 1976: Soyuz 22
    1980: Soyuz T-2    		 288 hours
    Artsebarsky, Anatoly 1985-current 1991: Soyuz TM-12 3480 hours
    Artyukhin, Yuri 1963-1987 1974: Soyuz 14 336 hours
    Atkov, Oleg 1983-current 1984: Soyuz T-10 5688 hours
    Aubakirov, Toktar 1991-current 1991: Soyuz TM-13 192 hours
    Balandin, Alexandr 1978-current 1990: Soyuz TM-9 4248 hours
    Belyayev, Pavel 1960-1970 1965: Voskhod 2 24 hours
    Beregovoy, Georgy 1964-1987 1968: Soyuz 3 94 hours
    Berezovoy, Anatoly 1970-current 1982: Soyuz T-5 5064 hours
    Bykovsky, Valery 1960-1988 1963: Vostok 5
    1976: Soyuz 22    		 504 hours
    Demin, Lev 1963-1978 1974: Soyuz 15 48 hours
    Dobrovolsky, Georgy 1963-1971 1971: Soyuz 11 570 hours
    Dzhanibekov, Vladimir 1970-1992 1978: Soyuz 27
    1981: Soyuz 39
    1982: Soyuz T-6
    1984: Soyuz T-12
    1985: Soyuz T-13    		 3496 hours
    Feoktistov, Konstantin 1960-1990 1964: Voskhod 1 24 hours
    Filipchenko, Anatoly 1963-1988 1969: Soyuz 7
    1974: Soyuz 16    		 264 hours
    Gagarin, Yuri 1960-1968 1961: Vostok 2 hours
    Glazkov, Yuri 1965-1990 1977: Soyuz 24 432 hours
    Gorbatko, Viktor 1960-1982 1969: Soyuz 7
    1977: Soyuz 24
    1980: Soyuz 37    		 733 hours
    Grechko, Georgy 1966-1986 1975: Soyuz 17
    1977: Soyuz 26
    1985: Soyuz T-14    		 3216 hours
    Gubarev, Alexei 1963-1981 1975: Soyuz 17
    1978: Soyuz 28    		 888 hours
    Ivanchenkov, Alexandr 1973-current 1978: Soyuz 29
    1982: Soyuz T-6    		 3528 hours
    Kaleri, Alexandr 1984-current 1992: Soyuz TM-14 3600 hours
    Khrunov, Yevgeny 1960-1980 1969: Soyuz 5 73 hours
    Kizim, Leonid 1965-1987 1980: Soyuz T-3
    1984: Soyuz T-10
    1986: Soyuz T-15    		 9024 hours
    Klimuk, Pyotr 1965-current 1973: Soyuz 13
    1975: Soyuz 18
    1978: Soyuz 31    		 1896 hours
    Komarov, Vladimir 1960-1967 1967: died in Soyuz 1 crash 26 hours
    Kovalenok, Vladimir 1967-1986 1977: Soyuz 25
    1978: Soyuz 29
    1981: Soyuz T-4    		 5184 hours
    Krikalev, Sergei 1985-current 1988: Soyuz TM-7
    1991: Mir    		 11064 hours
    Kubasov, Valery 1966-current 1969: Soyuz 6
    1975: Soyuz 19    		 456 hours
    Laveiken, Alexandr 1978-current 1987: Soyuz TM-2 4179 hours
    Lazarev, Vasily 1966-1987 1973: Soyuz 12
    1975: Soyuz 18-1    		 48 hours
    Lebedev, Valentin 1965-1990 1973: Soyuz 13
    1982: Soyuz T-5    		 5256 hours
    Leonov, Alexei 1960-1985 1965: Voskhod 2
    1975: Apollo-Soyuz    		 168 hours
    Lyakhov, Vladimir 1973-current 1979: Soyuz 32
    1983: Soyuz T-9
    1988: Soyuz TM-6    		 7992 hours
    Malyshev, Yuri 1969-current 1980: Soyuz T-2
    1984: Soyuz T-11    		 288 hours
    Manakov, Gennady 1985-current 1990: Soyuz TM-10 3144 hours
    Manarov, Musa 1978-current 1987: Soyuz TM-4
    1990: Soyuz TM-11    		 12984 hours
    Nikolayev, Andrian 1960-1982 1962: Vostok 3
    1970: Soyuz 9    		 204 hours
    Patsayev, Viktor 1968-1971 1971: killed in Soyuz 11 accident 4200 hours
    Polyakov, Valery 1972-current 1988: Soyuz TM-6 5782 hours
    Popov, Leonid 1970-1987 1980: Soyuz 35
    1981: Soyuz 40
    1982: Soyuz T-7    		 4800 hours
    Popovich, Pavel 1960-1988 1962: Vostock 4
    1974: Soyuz 14    		 456 hours
    Romanenko, Yuri 1970-1988 1977: Soyuz 26
    1980: Soyuz 38
    1987: Soyuz TM-2    		 10344 hours
    Rozhdestvensky, Valery 1965-current 1976: Soyuz 23 48 hours
    Rukavishnikov, Nikolai 1967-current 1971: Soyuz 10
    1974: Soyuz 16
    1979: Soyuz 33
    		 240 hours
    Ryumin, Valery 1973-current 1977: Soyuz 25
    1979: Soyuz 32
    1980: Soyuz 35    		 8688 hours
    Sarafanov, Gennady 1965-1987 1974: Soyuz 15 48 hours
    Savinykh, Viktor 1975-1988 1981: Soyuz T-4
    1985: Soyuz T-13
    1988: Soyuz TM-5    		 6072 hours
    Savitskaya, Svetlana 1980-current 1982: Soyuz T-7
    1984: Soyuz T-12    		 480 hours
    Serebrov, Alexandr 1978-current 1982: Soyuz T-7
    1983: Soyuz T-8
    1990: Mir    		 4224 hours
    Sevastyanov, Vitaly 1967-current 1970: Soyuz 9
    1975: Soyuz 18    		 1944 hours
    Shatalov, Vladimir 1963-1991 1969: Soyuz 4
    1969: Soyuz 8
    1971: Soyuz 10    		 240 hours
    Shonin, Georgy 1960-1979 1969: Soyuz 6 144 hours
    Solovyov, Anatoly 1976-current 1990: Soyuz TM-9 4296 hours
    Solovyov, Vladimir 1978-current 1984: Soyuz T-10
    1986:Soyuz T-15    		 8448 hours
    Strekalov, Gennady 1973-current 1980: Soyuz T-3
    1983:Soyuz T-8
    1983: Soyuz T-10
    1984: Soyuz T-11
    1990: Soyuz TM-10    		 3480 hours
    Tereshkova, Valentina 1961-1969 1963: Vostok 6 70 hours
    Titov, Gherman 1970-1991 1961: Vostok 2 334 hours
    Titov, Vladimir 1976-current 1983: Soyuz T-8
    1987: Soyuz TM-4    		 8808 hours
    Vasyutin, Vladimir 1976-1988 1985: Soyuz T-14 334 hours
    Viktorenko, Alexandr 1978-current 1987: Soyuz TM-3
    1990: Soyuz TM-8
    1992: Soyuz TM-14    		 7676 hours
    Volkov, Alexandr 1976-current 1985: Soyuz T-14
    1988: Soyuz TM-7
    1991: Soyuz TM-13    		 9384 hours
    Volkov, Vladislav 1966-1971 1969: Soyuz 7
    1971: killed in Soyuz 11 accident    		 696 hours
    Volynov, Boris 1960-1990 1969: Soyuz 5
    1976: Salyut-Almaz 5    		 1248 hours
    Yegorov, Boris 1961-1979 1964: Voskhod 1 24 hours
    Yeliseyev, Alexei 1966-1984 1969: Soyuz 5
    1969: Soyuz 8
    1971: Soyuz 10    		 216 hours
    Zudov, Vyacheslav 1965-1992 1976: Soyuz 23 48 hours



    International Astronauts


    Country Name Dates of Service Missions Hours in Space
    Afghanistan Mohmand, Abdol 1987-1990 1988: Soyuz TM-6 212 hours
    Austria Viehbock, Franz 1989-1993 1991: Soyuz TM-13 191 hours
    Belgium Frimout, Dirk 1978-current 1992: STS-45 216 hours
    Bulgaria Alexandrov, Alexandr 1978-1992 1988: Soyuz TM-5 192 hours
    Bulgaria Ivanov, Georgy 1978-1986 1979: Soyuz 33 47 hours
    Canada Bondar, Roberta 1983-1992 1992: STS-42 192 hours
    Canada Garneau, Marc 1983-current 1984: STS-41G
    1996: STS-77    		 192 hours
    Cuba Tamayo-Mendez, Arnaldo 1978-1990 1980: Soyuz 38 192 hours
    Czechoslovakia Remek, Vladimir 1976-1978 1978: Soyuz 28 192 hours
    European Space Agency Clervoy, Jean-Franois 1985-current 1994: STS-66
    1997: STS-84    		 262 hours
    European Space Agency Duque, Pedro 1992-current 1996: STS-78 381 hours
    European Space Agency Merbold, Ulf 1977-current 1983: STS-9
    1992:STS-42    		 441 hours
    European Space Agency Nicollier, Claude 1978-current 1992: STS-46 191 hours
    European Space Agency Ockels, Wubbo 1978-current 1985: STS 61A 169 hours
    France/CNES Andre-Deshays, Claudie 1992-current 1996 - Mir
    First French woman in space
    		 379 hours
    France/CNES Baudry, Patrick 1980-1986 1985: STS 51G 170 hours
    France/CNES Chretien, Jean-Loup 1979-current 1982: Soyuz T-6
    1988: Soyuz TM-7    		 784 hours
    Germany/DNR Flade, Klaus-Dietrich 1990-current 1992: Soyuz TM-14 192 hours
    Germany/DNR Jaehn, Sigmund 1976-1990 1978: Soyuz 31 192 hours
    Germany/DNR Messerschmid, Ernst 1982-1987 1985: STS 61A 169 hours
    Germany/DNR Schlegel, Hans 1987-current 1993: STS-55 216 hours
    Germany/DNR Walter, Ulrich 1987-current 1993: STS-55 216 hours
    Great Britain Sharman, Helen 1989-current 1991: Soyuz TM-12 168 hours
    Hungary Farkas, Bertalan 1978-current 1980: Soyuz 36 192 hours
    India Sharma, Rakesh 1982-1993 1984: Soyuz T-11 192 hours
    Italy Malerba, Franco 1978-current 1992: STS-46 192 hours
    Japan Akiyama, Toyohiro 1989-current 1990: Soyuz TM-11 192 hours
    Mexico Neri Vela, Rodolfo 1985-1990 1985: STS 61B 168 hours
    Mongolia Gurragcha, Jugderdemidin 1977-1981 1981: Soyuz 39 192 hours
    Poland Hermaszewski, Miroslaw 1976-1982 1978: Soyuz 30 192 hours
    Romania Prunariu, Dumitru 1978-1981 1981: Soyuz 40 192 hours
    Saudi Arabia Al-Saud, Prince Sultan 1985-1990 1985: STS 51G 168 hours
    Syria Faris, Muhammed 1985-1987 1987: Soyuz TM-3 192 hours
    Vietnam Tuan, Pham 1979-1982 1980: Soyuz 37 192 hours

    Last modified January 17, 2001 by Jennifer Bergman.

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