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  • Irish Chronicles Document Links Between Volcanoes and Weather
    A study of over 40,000 written entries in Irish Annals and ice core measurements shows a strong corr...Read more

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    Irish Chronicles Document Links Between Volcanoes and Weather

    A study of over 40,000 written entries in Irish Annals and ice core measurements shows a strong correlation between the occurrence of volcanic eruptions and extreme cold weather in Ireland over a 1200 year period. Data analyzed in this study cover the period from 431 to 1649, during which time up to 48 volcanic eruptions are identified in Greenland ice core records through deposition of volcanic sulfate in annual layers of ice. You can find the study (open access), published on 6 June 2013 in IOP Publishing's journal Environmental Research Letters, at http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/8/2/024035/article. Find out more about how volcanoes can influence climate.
  • EF-5 Tornado in El Reno, Oklahoma Widest Ever Recorded in US
    The EF-5 tornado that hit El Reno, Oklahoma on May 31st was the widest ever recorded in the US, acco...Read more

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    EF-5 Tornado in El Reno, Oklahoma Widest Ever Recorded in US

    The EF-5 tornado that hit El Reno, Oklahoma on May 31st was the widest ever recorded in the US, according to the National Weather Service in Norman Oklahoma. The tornado, which remained on the ground for 40 minutes and reached 2.6 miles across (4.2 km), took the lives of 18 people including storm chasers Tim Samaras, Paul Samaras and Carl Young. For more information on the tornado, visit http://ow.ly/i/2hfDG.
  • Atmospheric CO2 Level Tops 400 ppm
    During the week of May 13th, the CO2 level at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii topped 400 ppm rep...Read more

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    Atmospheric CO2 Level Tops 400 ppm

    During the week of May 13th, the CO2 level at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii topped 400 ppm repeatedly. Daily levels of CO2 can vary due to weather, and there are seasonal trends as well. The level of atmospheric greenhouse gases continues to increase, now over 120 ppm since the Industrial Revolution began. For more on the Keeling Curve, see http://keelingcurve.ucsd.edu/. Find out more about greenhouse gases and warming.

What is the edge of the universe like? Is it a brick wall or what? Will we be able to go past our universe someday?

Too bad it's not a brick wall or something like that. Actually, there really is no "edge" of the universe so we can't go past it. There are two cases that could happen. One is that the universe will expand forever. This means that the universe is infinite in size so it doesn't have an end. It just goes on and on and on. The second case is that the universe will end in a Big Crunch. In this case the universe is finite in size because of gravity.

So if it's finite in size, why isn't there an edge we can go to? That's because of a weird little thing gravity does to space--it curves it!

Einstein first came up with the idea of gravity curving space. That's how the Earth orbits the sun. It wants to go straight but the Sun curves the space around it so the Earth can't go flying off.

There is so much matter in the universe that space is bent back on itself! It's sort of like how you can bend a wire until its ends touch, you come up with a circle. You can walk around a circle forever without coming to an edge.

So, the universe can be finite but have no edge. It's similar to the Earth. The Earth has a finite surface area but it doesn't have an edge that you can fall off (lucky for Columbus...)

Submitted by Lance (age 13, Utah, USA)
Submitted by Brent (age 9, Tenessee, USA)
Submitted by Alyssa (age 12, California, USA)
(August 21, 1997)



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