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  • Irish Chronicles Document Links Between Volcanoes and Weather
    A study of over 40,000 written entries in Irish Annals and ice core measurements shows a strong corr...Read more

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    Irish Chronicles Document Links Between Volcanoes and Weather

    A study of over 40,000 written entries in Irish Annals and ice core measurements shows a strong correlation between the occurrence of volcanic eruptions and extreme cold weather in Ireland over a 1200 year period. Data analyzed in this study cover the period from 431 to 1649, during which time up to 48 volcanic eruptions are identified in Greenland ice core records through deposition of volcanic sulfate in annual layers of ice. You can find the study (open access), published on 6 June 2013 in IOP Publishing's journal Environmental Research Letters, at http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/8/2/024035/article. Find out more about how volcanoes can influence climate.
  • EF-5 Tornado in El Reno, Oklahoma Widest Ever Recorded in US
    The EF-5 tornado that hit El Reno, Oklahoma on May 31st was the widest ever recorded in the US, acco...Read more

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    EF-5 Tornado in El Reno, Oklahoma Widest Ever Recorded in US

    The EF-5 tornado that hit El Reno, Oklahoma on May 31st was the widest ever recorded in the US, according to the National Weather Service in Norman Oklahoma. The tornado, which remained on the ground for 40 minutes and reached 2.6 miles across (4.2 km), took the lives of 18 people including storm chasers Tim Samaras, Paul Samaras and Carl Young. For more information on the tornado, visit http://ow.ly/i/2hfDG.
  • Atmospheric CO2 Level Tops 400 ppm
    During the week of May 13th, the CO2 level at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii topped 400 ppm rep...Read more

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    Atmospheric CO2 Level Tops 400 ppm

    During the week of May 13th, the CO2 level at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii topped 400 ppm repeatedly. Daily levels of CO2 can vary due to weather, and there are seasonal trends as well. The level of atmospheric greenhouse gases continues to increase, now over 120 ppm since the Industrial Revolution began. For more on the Keeling Curve, see http://keelingcurve.ucsd.edu/. Find out more about greenhouse gases and warming.

Can you blow bubbles in outer space?

Bubbles are pretty neat, aren't they? You can blow bubbles from a special little wand and watch them float around in the air until... *POP* ...they're gone! What happened?

Well, a bubble is a lot like a balloon. When you blow into a balloon, you are filling it with air. Air is a lot like a pack of football players. Football players like to push their way to a touchdown. Air isn't going for a touchdown, but it is trying to get some space. Let's give this air from your breath a team name...the Wooshers.

The Wooshers push on the skin of the balloon and make it get bigger. It seems to take a lot of air to blow up a balloon, doesn't it? You blow and blow, but it takes forever to make the balloon big. That's because air outside of the balloon (let's call them The Wheezers ) is trying to push in the balloon! There is kind of a "pushing war" going on between the Wooshers and the the Wheezers. The Wooshers want to get into the Wheezers' space and the Wheezers want to get into the Wooshers' space! Just like a football game, huh?

The same thing happens with a bubble. The air inside the bubble is pushing the bubble's soapy film out, and the air outside the bubble is trying to push it in! Eventually, the pushing war ends up in a tie. Neither the Wooshers nor the Wheezers win. The bubble becomes fully formed and starts to float.

So, what makes the bubble pop? As the bubble floats, the bubble tries to keep the two teams in a tie. But both teams still want extra space! Now the Whooshers are pretty strong because they came from your mouth. Because your mouth is nice and warm, the Wooshers have a lot of energy. The Wheezers, on the other hand, aren't quite as warm. You see, the Wheezers live in the atmosphere. The atmosphere has a strange heating system. Near the Earth's surface, the atmosphere is warm. So a lot of Wheezers stay there to keep cozy. But the farther away you get from the surface, the colder the atmosphere gets. Only a few Wheezers are brave enough to stay in the cold.

So as the bubble starts to rise, the Wooshers start winning the pushing war. Since there aren't as many Wheezers in the cold upper atmosphere, the Wooshers are able to push the bubble hard enough to make it *POP*!

In space, there aren't any Wheezers because there isn't any air. So the Wooshers in your mouth have nobody to play against. If the Wooshers have no one to play with then why even bother making a bubble? So you can't blow bubbles in space. But you can here, so happy bubble-blowing!

Submitted by Will (age 18, Kentucky, USA )
(Novemer 3, 1997)



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