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  • Kansas Legislator Proposes Bill to Outlaw Sustainability Education
    A bill has been introduced in the Kansas legislature this week that would prohibit the promotion of ...Read more

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    Kansas Legislator Proposes Bill to Outlaw Sustainability Education

    A bill has been introduced in the Kansas legislature this week that would prohibit the promotion of sustainability. Here is a link to the one-page bill: http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2013_14/measures/documents/hb2366_00_0000.pdf. See report on Bloomberg News.
  • Earth's Center Is 1,000 Degrees Hotter Than Previously Thought, Synchrotron X-Ray Experiment Shows
    Scientists have determined the temperature near the Earth’s center to be 6000 degrees Celsius, 1000 ...Read more

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    Earth's Center Is 1,000 Degrees Hotter Than Previously Thought, Synchrotron X-Ray Experiment Shows

    Scientists have determined the temperature near the Earth’s center to be 6000 degrees Celsius, 1000 degrees hotter than in a previous experiment run 20 years ago. These measurements confirm geophysical models that the temperature difference between the solid core and the mantle above, must be at least 1500 degrees to explain why the Earth has a magnetic field. For more information about this study, see the press release from the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility.
  • Ocean Volcanic Rocks Contain Samples of Recycled Crust
    Scientists have long believed that lava erupted from certain oceanic volcanoes contains materials fr...Read more

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    Ocean Volcanic Rocks Contain Samples of Recycled Crust

    Scientists have long believed that lava erupted from certain oceanic volcanoes contains materials from the early Earth’s crust. But decisive evidence for this phenomenon has proven elusive. New research from a team including Carnegie’s Erik Hauri demonstrates that oceanic volcanic rocks contain samples of recycled crust dating back to the Archean era 2.5 billion years ago. Their work is published in Nature. Oceanic crust sinks into the Earth’s mantle at so-called subduction zones, where two plates come together. Much of what happens to the crust during this journey is unknown. Model-dependent studies for how long subducted material can exist in the mantle are uncertain and evidence of very old crust returning to Earth’s surface via upwellings of magma has not been found until now. For more information about these results, see the press release from the Carnegie Institution.
The Swift project will study gamma ray bursts given off by deep space objects like this black hole.
Click on image for full size
Courtesy of NASA

NASA Reveals Two New Missions
News story originally written on October 28, 1999

NASA has just revealed its newest missions, Swift and FAME. These two projects are part of MIDEX, NASA's medium class explorer program. The agency had to choose from over 31 proposals, which was very difficult for the judges.

The Swift Gamma Ray Burst Explorer will be launched in 2003. The spacecraft will contain three telescopes that will study gamma ray bursts. Swift will be able to rotate in space and point its gamma ray, X-ray or ultraviolet and optical telescope at a burst. Gamma bursts come from the far edges of the Universe, so scientists can study these areas. The project plans to run for three years. Some of the time will be used to search for black holes and other cosmic ray sources.

The Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer (FAME) will study millions of stars, beginning in 2004. FAME will obtain brightness and position data with much precision. The project is scheduled to run for five years.

"MIDEX missions not only return first-class science results, they continue NASA's trend toward greatly lowered mission costs via innovative mission planning and operations," Weiler added.

The first two MIDEX missions are IMAGE and MAP, both chosen in 1996. IMAGE will be launched in 2000 to study the magnetosphere and solar wind, while MAP will begin measuring the cosmic ray background radiation in November of 2000.

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