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Dissolution
is the transition of a mineral substance into a solution, and is related to the combined activity of water and carbon dioxide mineral and organic acids upon the parent rock, leaching cations and silica. In other words, in the oxidation of some parent mineral in the presence of carbon dioxide, carbonate compounds are formed. For example
Sedimentary rocks are the ones that are the most susceptible to decomposition as a result of dissolution. Dissolution happens most readily in humid and hot climates (ie the tropics, etc) and also in marine environments.