Current Events

  • Kansas Legislator Proposes Bill to Outlaw Sustainability Education
    A bill has been introduced in the Kansas legislature this week that would prohibit the promotion of ...Read more

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    Kansas Legislator Proposes Bill to Outlaw Sustainability Education

    A bill has been introduced in the Kansas legislature this week that would prohibit the promotion of sustainability. Here is a link to the one-page bill: http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2013_14/measures/documents/hb2366_00_0000.pdf. See report on Bloomberg News.
  • Earth's Center Is 1,000 Degrees Hotter Than Previously Thought, Synchrotron X-Ray Experiment Shows
    Scientists have determined the temperature near the Earth’s center to be 6000 degrees Celsius, 1000 ...Read more

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    Earth's Center Is 1,000 Degrees Hotter Than Previously Thought, Synchrotron X-Ray Experiment Shows

    Scientists have determined the temperature near the Earth’s center to be 6000 degrees Celsius, 1000 degrees hotter than in a previous experiment run 20 years ago. These measurements confirm geophysical models that the temperature difference between the solid core and the mantle above, must be at least 1500 degrees to explain why the Earth has a magnetic field. For more information about this study, see the press release from the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility.
  • Ocean Volcanic Rocks Contain Samples of Recycled Crust
    Scientists have long believed that lava erupted from certain oceanic volcanoes contains materials fr...Read more

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    Ocean Volcanic Rocks Contain Samples of Recycled Crust

    Scientists have long believed that lava erupted from certain oceanic volcanoes contains materials from the early Earth’s crust. But decisive evidence for this phenomenon has proven elusive. New research from a team including Carnegie’s Erik Hauri demonstrates that oceanic volcanic rocks contain samples of recycled crust dating back to the Archean era 2.5 billion years ago. Their work is published in Nature. Oceanic crust sinks into the Earth’s mantle at so-called subduction zones, where two plates come together. Much of what happens to the crust during this journey is unknown. Model-dependent studies for how long subducted material can exist in the mantle are uncertain and evidence of very old crust returning to Earth’s surface via upwellings of magma has not been found until now. For more information about these results, see the press release from the Carnegie Institution.

Videos about Clouds, Weather, and Climate

These videos cover various topics related to clouds, weather, and climate. They were created by the Little Shop of Physics (LSOP) and the CMMAP Project.

Greenhouse gases - Scott Denning
Professor Scott Denning of the Atmospheric Science Department at Colorado State University explains how greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere warm our planet.
Length: 7 minutes 5 seconds

Beaufort Scale of Wind Speed
Historical scientist Francis Beaufort was a mariner who developed a scale for determining wind speed.
Length: 1 minute 10 seconds

Extreme Winds - Tornadoes and Hurricanes
Some winds move in a circular motion. The air carries angular momentum, which can cause winds to speed up as a spinning air mass gets smaller.
Length: 3 minutes 23 seconds

Wind Speed and Direction at Different Heights
Winds often blow at different speeds and in different directions at different heights above the ground. Obstacles on the ground, like buildings, mountains, and trees, can alter the wind's flow.
Length: 3 minutes 33 seconds

Cotton Candy and Windmills
A machine for making cotton candy illustrates how air pressure, wind, and a bit of spin control the flow of air around our planet... and make for a tasty treat!
Length: 3 minutes 13 seconds

Convection Cells Move Air Around
Warm air rises; cool air sinks. This process of convection moves air around in our atmosphere, causing winds to blow.
Length: 3 minutes 5 seconds

Global Winds
Convection moves warm and cold air around. Global winds on our planet are also influenced by Earth's spin. Brian demonstrates this with a spinning bowl and dry ice.
Length: 5 minutes 39 seconds

A model of global atmospheric circulation
Taka Ito, an oceanographer at Colorado State University, uses a spinning water tank with warm and cold water to demonstrate global circulation of wind and how Earth's spin affects the wind .
Length: 2 minutes 4 seconds

Last modified November 15, 2010 by Randy Russell.

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Atmospheric Science Games and Activities

The Clouds in Art Interactive Atmosphere And Clouds Word Search Air Quality Word Search (Printable) -- And the Answer Key Air Quality Word Scramble Carbon Cycle Game Climate Crossword Puzzle Little Shop...more

Arts and Culture about Clouds, Weather, and Climate

Whether it is how an artist paints the shapes of clouds or how a poet describes a gloomy weather day, there are many ways to connect the arts and culture with clouds, weather, and climate. In this section...more

Clouds

Clouds can come in all sizes and shapes, and can form near the ground or high in the atmosphere. Clouds are groups of tiny water droplets or ice crystals in the sky and are formed by different processes....more

How Hurricanes Form

A thunderstorm in the tropics can grow into a massive hurricane under certain conditions. Sometimes several tropical thunderstorms are able to organize, rotating around a central area of low pressure....more

Hurricane Movement

How do we know which way a hurricane will go? Forecasters track hurricane movements and predict where the storms will travel as well as when and where they will reach land. While each storm will make its...more

Storm Surge

When a hurricane or other tropical storm approaches a coastline, sea level can temporarily rise as much as 20 or 30 feet higher than normal. This is called storm surge. The rising water may totally submerge...more

Regions of the Ionosphere

The ionosphere can be further broken down into the D, E and F regions. The breakdown is based on what wavelength of solar radiation is absorbed in that region most frequently or on what level of radiation...more

Hail

Hail develops in a cumulonimbus cloud from graupel, large frozen raindrops, that are tossed around the cloud by wind. The top of a cumulonimbus cloud reaches to high altitudes where temperatures are cold...more

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Our Glaciers: Then and Now activity kit helps you see the changes taking place in glaciers around the world. See all our activity kits and classroom activities.

Windows to the Universe, a project of the National Earth Science Teachers Association, is sponsored in part by the National Science Foundation and NASA, our Founding Partners (the American Geophysical Union and American Geosciences Institute) as well as through Institutional, Contributing, and Affiliate Partners, individual memberships and generous donors. Thank you for your support! NASA AGU AGI NSF