<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<CarbonCycleGame>
    <Intro>
        <Text><![CDATA[<b><font size="16pt">You are a carbon atom.</font></b><br>For millions of years you were underground in fossil fuels.  Now, you have been released into the atmosphere as humans burn fuels.  Did you know that 5000 megatons of carbon are released into the atmosphere as fossil fuels are burned each year? <br><br> In this game, you will travel the <a href="http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Water/co2_cycle.html" target="_blank"><font color="#0099ff">carbon cycle</font></a>.  Your objective is to get to all the places that carbon is stored along this map.  Earn extra points by correctly answering the carbon challenge questions at the yellow stars.  ]]>
        </Text>
    </Intro>
    <Welcomes>
        <Welcome name="Atmosphere">
            <Header>Welcome to the Atmosphere</Header>
            <Text><![CDATA[While you are here, little carbon atom, you will be stuck to two atoms of oxygen in a <a href="http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/climate/cli_greengas.html" target="_blank"><font color="#0099ff">greenhouse gas</font></a> called <a href="http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/physical_science/chemistry/carbon_dioxide.html" target="_blank"><font color="#0099ff">carbon dioxide</font></a>.  Only a small amount (0.04%) of the atmosphere is made of carbon dioxide. Because of burning fossil fuels, the amount has increased 30% in the past 150 years.  More carbon dioxide in our <a href="http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Atmosphere/overview.html" target="_blank"><font color="#0099ff">atmosphere</font></a> makes our planet <a href="http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/climate/cli_effects.html" target="_blank"><font color="#0099ff">warmer</font></a>.]]> 
            </Text>
        </Welcome>
        <Welcome name="OceanSurface">
            <Header>Welcome to the Surface Ocean</Header>
            <Text><![CDATA[Either you got here by diffusing from the atmosphere, by decomposing marine life, or from circulating water from the deep ocean.  The <a href="http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Water/ocean.html" target="_blank"><font color="#0099ff">ocean</font></a> absorbs more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than the land does. The surface ocean takes in approximately 90 Gigatons of carbon per year. Cold water absorbs carbon faster than warm water.]]>
            </Text>
        </Welcome>
        <Welcome name="DeepOcean">
            <Header>Welcome to the Deep Ocean</Header>
            <Text><![CDATA[The deep ocean gets carbon from circulation with the surface ocean and dead and decaying marine life. When carbon gets to the deep ocean, it usually stays there for hundreds of years before moving on. The deep ocean holds more than 65% of the Earth's carbon. ]]>
            </Text>
        </Welcome>
        <Welcome name="Plants">
            <Header>Welcome to Land Plants</Header>
            <Text><![CDATA[You have been taken out of the atmosphere by a plant as it used the Sun's energy to make the nutrition it needs (a process called <a href="http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/photosynthesis.html" target="_blank"><font color="#0099ff">photosynthesis</font></a>).  You are now one of the building blocks that make up <a href="http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/plantae.html" target="_blank"><font color="#0099ff">a plant</font></a>. As more carbon dioxide is added to our atmosphere, plants will be able to grow faster. Plants also release carbon back to the atmosphere by respiration. ]]> 
            </Text>
        </Welcome>
        <Welcome name="Soil">
            <Header>Welcome to the Soil</Header>
            <Text><![CDATA[We are afraid to say that the plant you were in has died.  The good news is that, you are now a part of the soil called detritus, which is decomposing plants and animals.  Soil is also made of inorganic parts such as sand, silt, and clay. Soils store about 3% of Earth's carbon. As bacteria and fungi breakdown the detritus, carbon is sent into the atmosphere.]]>
            </Text>
        </Welcome>
        <Welcome name="MarineLife">
            <Header>Welcome to Marine Life</Header>
            <Text><![CDATA[ Tiny marine organisms called phytoplankton take in carbon to make the nutrition they need through a process called photosynthesis.  The phytoplankton are eaten by larger marine life.  Marine life cannot survive without carbon, but high levels of carbon disolved in ocean waters are harmful to marine organisms such as algae, mollusks and corals. ]]>
            </Text>
        </Welcome>
    </Welcomes>
   <Quizzes>
        <Quiz number="1">
            <Question correct="1">
                <Text><![CDATA[ True or False: When plants die and decay they bring carbon into soil.
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ True! The carbon that was in a plant becomes part of the soil when the plant dies and decomposes.
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>True</Answer>
                    <Answer>False</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
            <Question correct="1">
                <Text><![CDATA[ Soils store about ___ of the Earth's total carbon.
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ 3% of Earth's carbon is stored in soils!
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>3%</Answer>
                    <Answer>13%</Answer>
                    <Answer>30%</Answer>
                    <Answer>63%</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
            <Question correct="1">
                <Text><![CDATA[ True or False: Soils emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ True! Soils take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, but they also release it to the atmosphere! In fact, soils release more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than humans do.
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>True</Answer>
                    <Answer>False</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
        </Quiz>
            
        <Quiz number="2">   
            <Question correct="1">
                <Text><![CDATA[ True or False: Plants take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere during photosynthesis.
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ True!  Plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, the process that helps plants get the nutrition they need.
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>True</Answer>
                    <Answer>False</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
            <Question correct="1">
                <Text><![CDATA[ True or False: Plants both absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release it into the atmosphere.
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ True! Plants take carbon dioxide in during photosynthesis and release some during respiration.
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>True</Answer>
                    <Answer>False</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
            <Question correct="1">
                <Text><![CDATA[ True or False: : If atmospheric carbon dioxide levels continue to increase, plants will take in more carbon dioxide and grow faster.
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ True! With more carbon dioxide in the air, plants will grow faster.
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>True</Answer>
                    <Answer>False</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>    
        </Quiz>
            
        <Quiz number="3">   
            <Question correct="4">
                <Text><![CDATA[ Approximately how many Megatons of Carbon do humans produce by burning fossils fuels each year? (1 Megaton = one million tons)
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ 5,000 Megatons of CO2 is produced each year by burning fossil fuels. That's a lot of carbon!
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>5</Answer>
                    <Answer>50</Answer>
                    <Answer>500</Answer>
                    <Answer>5,000</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
            <Question correct="2">
                <Text><![CDATA[ True or False: Carbon can't get from the deep ocean to soils on the land. There is a different type of carbon on land.
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ False! It's the same type of carbon! To get there, carbon moves from the deep ocean to the surface ocean and then to the atmopshere, from the atmosphere to plants and then into the soil when the plant dies. 
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>True</Answer>
                    <Answer>False</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
            <Question correct="3">
                <Text><![CDATA[ In the atmosphere, carbon atoms are often part of a greenhouse gas called 
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ Carbon atoms are part of a greenhouse gas called carbon dioxide.  Carbon dioxide is made of one carbon atom attached to two oxygen atoms.
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>Water vapor</Answer>
                    <Answer>Nitrogen oxide</Answer>
					<Answer>Carbon dioxide</Answer>
					<Answer>Carbon trioxide</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
        </Quiz>
        
        <Quiz number="4"> 
            <Question correct="2">
                <Text><![CDATA[ When carbon enters the deep ocean, how long does it stay there?
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ Carbon stays in the deep ocean for hundreds of years!
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>tens of years</Answer>
                    <Answer>hundreds of years</Answer>
                    <Answer>thousands of years</Answer>
                    <Answer>millions of years</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
            <Question correct="4">
                <Text><![CDATA[ The deep ocean accounts for more than ___ of the Earth's carbon.
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ 65% of carbon is stored in the deep ocean. That's a lot of carbon!
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>5%</Answer>
                    <Answer>16%</Answer>
                    <Answer>50%</Answer>
                    <Answer>65%</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
            <Question correct="3">
                <Text><![CDATA[ The deep ocean gets carbon from:
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ Carbon gets to the deep ocean from both the surface ocean and marine life. 
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>the surface ocean</Answer>
                    <Answer>marine life</Answer>
                    <Answer>both</Answer>
                    <Answer>neither</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
        </Quiz>
        
        <Quiz number="5"> 
         <Question correct="1">
                <Text><![CDATA[ What percent of the atmosphere is carbon dioxide?
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ Only 0.04% of the atmosphere is carbon dioxide. A little can make a huge impact on global warming!
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>0.04%</Answer>
                    <Answer>0.4%</Answer>
                    <Answer>4%</Answer>
                    <Answer>40%</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
            <Question correct="3">
                <Text><![CDATA[ How much has the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased over the last 150 years?
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ There has been a 30% increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the past 150 years, about the start of the Industrial Revolution.
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>5% increase</Answer>
                    <Answer>15% increase</Answer>
                    <Answer>30% increase</Answer>
                    <Answer>50% increase</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
            <Question correct="2">
                <Text><![CDATA[ True or False: When carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels, it makes the Earth colder.
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ False! Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.  More carbon dioxide in our atmosphere makes the planet warmer. A little bit of carbon dioxide can make a huge impact on global warming!
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>True</Answer>
                    <Answer>False</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
        </Quiz>
            
        <Quiz number="6"> 
            <Question correct="1">
                <Text><![CDATA[ True or False: The ocean absorbs more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than the land.
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ True! The oceans absorb 90 gigatons of carbon each year!
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>True</Answer>
                    <Answer>False</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
            <Question correct="2">
                <Text><![CDATA[ How much carbon does the surface ocean absorb from the atmosphere each year?
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ The oceans absorb 90 gigatons of carbon each year!
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>90 tons</Answer>
                    <Answer>90 gigatons</Answer>
					<Answer>90 grams</Answer>
					<Answer>90 pounds</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
            <Question correct="1">
                <Text><![CDATA[ True or False: More carbon can dissolve in cold water than in warm water.
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ True! Chilly water absorbs carbon faster.  Where on Earth do you think carbon is absorbed from the atmosphere most quickly?
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>True</Answer>
                    <Answer>False</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
        </Quiz>
            

            
        <Quiz number="7"> 
            <Question correct="1">
                <Text><![CDATA[ Phytoplankton are tiny plants and algae that float in the ocean and take up carbon dioxide as they grow.
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ True! Phytoplankton do the process of photosynthesis, just like plants on land.
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>True</Answer>
                    <Answer>False</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
            <Question correct="2">
                <Text><![CDATA[ Ocean life can survive without carbon.
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ False! Ocean life need carbon.
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>True</Answer>
                    <Answer>False</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
            <Question correct="1">
                <Text><![CDATA[ Too much carbon in seawater prevents clams, snails, and other sea animals from growing their shells.
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ True! Too much carbon makes the seawater too acidic for animals to grow their shells.
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>True</Answer>
                    <Answer>False</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>
            <Question correct="4">
                <Text><![CDATA[ Which types of marine life will be hurt by increasing carbon dioxide levels?
                ]]></Text>
                <AnswerText><![CDATA[ All of these living things will be effected by increasing carbon dioxide.
                ]]></AnswerText>
                <Choices>
                    <Answer>algae</Answer>
                    <Answer>clams and snails</Answer>
                    <Answer>coral</Answer>
                    <Answer>all of the above</Answer>
                </Choices>
            </Question>    
        </Quiz>
    
    </Quizzes>
    <Credits>
        <Text><![CDATA[ <b>The Carbon Cycle Game interactive was created by Lisa Gardiner (text and graphics) and Julia Genyuk (programming). <br><br>Development of this interactive was inspired by <a href="http://www.eol.ucar.edu/apol/activity4.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="#0099ff">Carbon Cycle Pursuit</font></a>, a classroom board game developed by the APOL Biocomplexity Project and <a href="http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/teacher_resources/teach_nitrogen.html" target="_blank"><font color="#0099ff">Traveling Nitrogen</font></a>, a Windows to the Universe classroom activity. <br><br>The source of this material is <a href="http://www.windows.ucar.edu" target="_blank"><font color="#0099ff">Windows to the Universe (http://www.windows.ucar.edu)</font></a> at the <a href="http://www.ucar.edu" target="_blank"><font color="#0099ff">University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)</font></a>. <br><br>Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. All Rights Reserved.</b>]]> </Text>
    </Credits>
</CarbonCycleGame>
