Current Events

  • Atmospheric CO2 Level Tops 400 ppm
    During the week of May 13th, the CO2 level at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii topped 400 ppm rep...Read more

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    Atmospheric CO2 Level Tops 400 ppm

    During the week of May 13th, the CO2 level at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii topped 400 ppm repeatedly. Daily levels of CO2 can vary due to weather, and there are seasonal trends as well. The level of atmospheric greenhouse gases continues to increase, now over 120 ppm since the Industrial Revolution began. For more on the Keeling Curve, see http://keelingcurve.ucsd.edu/. Find out more about greenhouse gases and warming.
  • Massive Tornado Outbreak on Tornado Alley
    The week of May 19 brings dozens of tornadoes to Tornado Alley in the states of Oklahoma, Kansas, Io...Read more

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    Massive Tornado Outbreak on Tornado Alley

    The week of May 19 brings dozens of tornadoes to Tornado Alley in the states of Oklahoma, Kansas, Iowa, Illinois and Missouri. On May 20th, a massive tornado struck Moore, Oklahoma, devastating communities - destroying over 100 homes and hitting two elementary schools and a hospital - with many casualties and deaths. Our thoughts are with our friends and colleagues suffering from these storms. For more on the May 20th storms, see the NOAA Storm Prediction Center Storm Report.
  • Kansas Legislator Proposes Bill to Outlaw Sustainability Education
    A bill has been introduced in the Kansas legislature this week that would prohibit the promotion of ...Read more

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    Kansas Legislator Proposes Bill to Outlaw Sustainability Education

    A bill has been introduced in the Kansas legislature this week that would prohibit the promotion of sustainability. Here is a link to the one-page bill: http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2013_14/measures/documents/hb2366_00_0000.pdf. See report on Bloomberg News.

Exploratour: NASA's Exploration for Life

Polar Bear
Click on image for full size
Image courtesy of Corel Photography

The Animal Kingdom

Our view of "Life", that is life as we know it on Earth, may bias our view of where life ought to be found elsewhere in the solar system. When you think of "life", what image comes to mind? A careful look at *all* the varieties of life on Earth may help us understand more about life's potential to survive in environments which are very different from that of the Earth.

First, life may be "multicellular". This means they are made of many cells, like a dog or cat. Or they may be made of only one cell, like bacteria. Second, most forms of life get their food by eating other organisms. Other life forms don't have to eat because they can use the Sun's energy to make their own food. All life forms seem to need oxygen to survive, but that is not always the case.

Here's a brief summary of life on Earth.

The Animal Kingdom

  • mammals
    • elephants, rodents, etc
  • arthropods
    • insects, crabs
  • reptiles
is multi-cellular and complex

The Monera Kingdom

  • bacteria
  • archaea
is procaryotic; unicellular, no membrane-bound organelle nor nuclei.

The Plant Kingdom

  • trees, flowers, etc
varies from multi-cellular to eucaryotic; unicellular, with membrane-bound organelle and nuclei

The Protista Kingdom

  • Amoeba, etc.
Protists can be unicellular, multicellular or colonial. Some move around and act like animals, others perform photosynthesis like plants

The Fungi Kingdom

  • athletes foot, etc
resembles animals; cannot make its own food through photosynthesis; consumes organic matter.



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This is a volcano on the island of Miyake in Japan. It has erupted, sending hot lava and ash into the air, a total of ten times. The time after one eruption until the next occurred was about twenty years...more

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