Current Events

  • Kansas Legislator Proposes Bill to Outlaw Sustainability Education
    A bill has been introduced in the Kansas legislature this week that would prohibit the promotion of ...Read more

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    Kansas Legislator Proposes Bill to Outlaw Sustainability Education

    A bill has been introduced in the Kansas legislature this week that would prohibit the promotion of sustainability. Here is a link to the one-page bill: http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2013_14/measures/documents/hb2366_00_0000.pdf. See report on Bloomberg News.
  • Earth's Center Is 1,000 Degrees Hotter Than Previously Thought, Synchrotron X-Ray Experiment Shows
    Scientists have determined the temperature near the Earth’s center to be 6000 degrees Celsius, 1000 ...Read more

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    Earth's Center Is 1,000 Degrees Hotter Than Previously Thought, Synchrotron X-Ray Experiment Shows

    Scientists have determined the temperature near the Earth’s center to be 6000 degrees Celsius, 1000 degrees hotter than in a previous experiment run 20 years ago. These measurements confirm geophysical models that the temperature difference between the solid core and the mantle above, must be at least 1500 degrees to explain why the Earth has a magnetic field. For more information about this study, see the press release from the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility.
  • Ocean Volcanic Rocks Contain Samples of Recycled Crust
    Scientists have long believed that lava erupted from certain oceanic volcanoes contains materials fr...Read more

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    Ocean Volcanic Rocks Contain Samples of Recycled Crust

    Scientists have long believed that lava erupted from certain oceanic volcanoes contains materials from the early Earth’s crust. But decisive evidence for this phenomenon has proven elusive. New research from a team including Carnegie’s Erik Hauri demonstrates that oceanic volcanic rocks contain samples of recycled crust dating back to the Archean era 2.5 billion years ago. Their work is published in Nature. Oceanic crust sinks into the Earth’s mantle at so-called subduction zones, where two plates come together. Much of what happens to the crust during this journey is unknown. Model-dependent studies for how long subducted material can exist in the mantle are uncertain and evidence of very old crust returning to Earth’s surface via upwellings of magma has not been found until now. For more information about these results, see the press release from the Carnegie Institution.

Randy M. Russell

I joined the Windows to the Universe team in early January 2003. My primary role is to develop content about space for the site (especially for the Solar System, Space Missions, and Universe sections).

My professional background is in space science, educational technology, and the development of interactive multimedia software. I received my B.S. in astrophysics from Michigan State University in 1981; my Master's in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1988; and my Ph.D. in educational systems development from Michigan State in 1998. My Ph.D. dissertation topic was "World Wide Web Site Visitor Studies Techniques Using Server Log File Data".

I worked briefly as a computer programmer/analyst at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in 1987-1988 in support of satellite communications. For several years (1990-1996), I helped research and develop new multimedia software technologies at the Communications Technology Lab at Michigan State. One of my main projects there was the development of the Microbe Zoo web site and CD-ROM, which provides insights into the worlds of microbiology to "kids of all ages". I helped develop numerous online courses, mostly related to science and engineering topics, while working for Michigan State's Virtual University from 1997-2001. In 2001-2002 I worked for TERC developing web-based interactives about Earth Science for their Exploring Earth project, a companion web site to the high school textbook of the same name.

I'm a hardcore, four-season bicycle commuter and a two-time world champion Ultimate Frisbee player. I like to camp and hike and ski and generally get outside a lot.

The Space Science themes that I personally find most interesting these days include extrasolar planets, astrobiology, spacecraft and spaceflight technologies (especially the gradual buildup of infrastructure to enable the permanent presence of humans in space and on other worlds), and the ongoing robotic exploration of our Solar System.

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Dig into Montana Before History: 11K Years of Hunter-Gatherers in the Rockies and Plains by D. H. MacDonald, Ph.D. See our online store book collection.

Windows to the Universe, a project of the National Earth Science Teachers Association, is sponsored in part by the National Science Foundation and NASA, our Founding Partners (the American Geophysical Union and American Geosciences Institute) as well as through Institutional, Contributing, and Affiliate Partners, individual memberships and generous donors. Thank you for your support! NASA AGU AGI NSF