Current Events

  • Irish Chronicles Document Links Between Volcanoes and Weather
    A study of over 40,000 written entries in Irish Annals and ice core measurements shows a strong corr...Read more

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    Irish Chronicles Document Links Between Volcanoes and Weather

    A study of over 40,000 written entries in Irish Annals and ice core measurements shows a strong correlation between the occurrence of volcanic eruptions and extreme cold weather in Ireland over a 1200 year period. Data analyzed in this study cover the period from 431 to 1649, during which time up to 48 volcanic eruptions are identified in Greenland ice core records through deposition of volcanic sulfate in annual layers of ice. You can find the study (open access), published on 6 June 2013 in IOP Publishing's journal Environmental Research Letters, at http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/8/2/024035/article. Find out more about how volcanoes can influence climate.
  • EF-5 Tornado in El Reno, Oklahoma Widest Ever Recorded in US
    The EF-5 tornado that hit El Reno, Oklahoma on May 31st was the widest ever recorded in the US, acco...Read more

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    EF-5 Tornado in El Reno, Oklahoma Widest Ever Recorded in US

    The EF-5 tornado that hit El Reno, Oklahoma on May 31st was the widest ever recorded in the US, according to the National Weather Service in Norman Oklahoma. The tornado, which remained on the ground for 40 minutes and reached 2.6 miles across (4.2 km), took the lives of 18 people including storm chasers Tim Samaras, Paul Samaras and Carl Young. For more information on the tornado, visit http://ow.ly/i/2hfDG.
  • Atmospheric CO2 Level Tops 400 ppm
    During the week of May 13th, the CO2 level at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii topped 400 ppm rep...Read more

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    Atmospheric CO2 Level Tops 400 ppm

    During the week of May 13th, the CO2 level at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii topped 400 ppm repeatedly. Daily levels of CO2 can vary due to weather, and there are seasonal trends as well. The level of atmospheric greenhouse gases continues to increase, now over 120 ppm since the Industrial Revolution began. For more on the Keeling Curve, see http://keelingcurve.ucsd.edu/. Find out more about greenhouse gases and warming.

Lisa Gardiner

Lisa Gardiner developed content and classroom activities on Windows to the Universe to support Earth system science, polar science, and climate science education for students, teachers, and the public from 2002-2010. She is a co-creator of the Climate Discovery series of professional development courses for secondary science educators offered through NCAR Online Education and developed and led professional development workshops associated with NSTA and other conferences for educators.

Lisa studied geology and marine science as an undergraduate at Smith College and paleoecology at the University of Georgia, where she completed her Ph.D. in 2001. Her dissertation led her to interesting islands in the Bahamas where she studied how marine life on the sea floor form communities amidst changes in climate and sea level, and how hurricanes affect where fossils can form in this environment.

Lisa began working as an environmental educator in 1991 at Mass Audubon, teaching elementary level students about wildlife in eastern forests and the workings of a small farm. Since then she has taught Earth and environmental science with other informal education programs and geoscience at the college level. At the Colorado Mountain Club's Youth Education Program, Lisa developed Earth and environmental science programs for area middle schools that focused on the Rocky Mountain Region. During graduate school, she taught at the University of Georgia Department of Geology and volunteered for Eco-Reach, and outreach program bringing environmental science programs to local schools. She has been involved with museum exhibit development for the Georgia Museum of Natural History and the Bradford Washburn American Mountaineering Museum.

In addition to writing for the Earth section of Windows to the Universe, Lisa developed the educational content for the NCAR Kids' Crossing web site and created the accompanying teacher's guide Kids' Crossing in the Classroom. Lisa is also the author and illustrator of the children's books What's Up with Altitude? and Catastrophic Colorado. She is the illustrator of the NASA-funded Elementary GLOBE book series, introducing Earth system science at the elementary level, and the NOAA-funded Ducks in the Flow: Where Did They Go?

Last modified July 13, 2010 by Lisa Gardiner.

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Science, Evolution, and Creationism, by the National Academies, focuses on teaching evolution in today's classrooms. Check out the other publications in our online store.

Windows to the Universe, a project of the National Earth Science Teachers Association, is sponsored in part by the National Science Foundation and NASA, our Founding Partners (the American Geophysical Union and American Geosciences Institute) as well as through Institutional, Contributing, and Affiliate Partners, individual memberships and generous donors. Thank you for your support! NASA AGU AGI NSF